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| 标题 | 高考英语知识点解析Unit3-4：单词聚焦 |
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2013年高考已经开始倒计时，俗话说：“临阵磨刀，不快也光”，各位考生在此关键时刻千万不要放松，要继续武装自己。为此，出国留学网高考频道为2013考生特别推荐了一些高考试题和高考作文，大家可以用之作为额外的学习资源。预祝大家考出一个理想的成绩。 ☆单词聚焦☆ 1. advance的用法 ▲构词：advanced adj. 高等的.先进的，高深的 ▲搭配： ① in advance 在前头，预先，事先 ② in advance of 在……前面;比……进步;超过 ③ on the advance (物价)在上涨 【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths. A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased [考查目标] 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。 [答案与解析]C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。 2. before 的特殊用法 (1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。 (2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。) (3) It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。 It won't be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。 3. chance的用法 ▲搭配： ① by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许 ② by chance 偶然，意外地 ③ take a / one's chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会 【考例6】 (2005南京模拟)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture. A. work B. luck C. chances D. services [考查目标] chance的词义。 [答案与解析] C chance在本句的词义是“机会”。 4. consider v. (1) 考虑 A) consider + n. / doing I consider going abroad. B) consider + 疑问词 + to do You have to consider what to do next. (2) 认为 A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj. I consider Mary as / to be my best friend. They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country. B) consider + n. + to have done I consider him to have acted disgracefully. 除了consider…as…表认为外，还有regard…as …，look on…as…，take…as…，think of…as… 5. cost的用法 ▲ 构词：costly adj. 昂贵的，贵重的 ▲ 搭配： ① cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱);让某人付出(代价)/牺牲…… ② at all costs 不惜任何代价.无论如何 ③ at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何 ④ at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价 ⑤ at the cost of 以……为代价，用……换来的;丧失;牺牲 【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them. A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste [考查目标] 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。 [答案与解析] C cost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的 名词.而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。 6. effect n. 效果;作用 have an effect on sth. His words had a great pushing effect on his students. (1) be of no effect 无效 (2) come into effect 开始生效;开始实行 [比较] affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall. 7. experience的用法 ▲构词: experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的 ▲搭配: ① by experience 凭经验;从经验中 ② from experience 凭经验;从经验中 ③ gain experience in… 获得……经验 ④ be experienced in… 某方面有经验 ▲友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。 【考例】 (2005山西模拟) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed. A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents [考查目标] experience的意思。 [答案与解析] C experience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。 8. fear n. & vt. (1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词) His face was growing pale with fear. 忧虑;担心的事(可数) There is no reason for your fears. for fear of 由于怕……，以防 He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train. for fear (that) 惟恐;怕的是;以防 She worried for fear that the child would be hurt. in fear of 害怕;担心 The thief was in fear of the police. (2) v. 恐惧;害怕，接 n. / pron. Cats fear big dogs. 恐惧;害怕，接to do Don't fear to tell the truth. 恐怕;担心，接从句 She feared that she might not find him in his room. ▲构词：fearful adj. 可怕的，严重的;惧怕的，胆怯的;担心的，忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的 ▲搭配： ① be in fear (of) (为……而)提心吊胆 ② for fear of 因为怕;以免，怕的是 ③ for fear that-clause 生怕;为了防止(某事发生) ④ have a fear that-clause 担心/怕(发生某事) ⑤ with fear 吓得，怕得 ⑥ fear (vi.) for... 担心/忧虑…… 【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train. A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search [考查目标] fear构成的短语的用法和意思。 [答案与解析]C for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是 “怕的是……。担心……”。 9. fun n. 高兴;乐趣;有趣的人或事 (1) for fun 为了高兴;为着好玩 I only did it for fun. (2) make fun of 开……的玩笑;取笑 It is wrong to make fun of a cripple. [比较] (1) laugh at 笑(某人);嘲笑 It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble. (2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑 10. means n. 手段;办法 (1) by means of 用……;依靠…… The water may be carried by means of a pipe. (2) by all means 一定;务必;(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地 Try by all / every means to persuade him to come. (3) by no means 完全不是;一点也不;决不 This is by no means the first time you have been late. 还有： by this means 用这种方法; by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段 【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job. A. ways B. offers C. means D.helps [考查目标] by means of 短语的意思。 [答案与解析] C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。 11. normal adj. 正常的;正规的 the normal temperature, normal behavior (1) regular 规则的;有规律的 keep regular hours 生活有规律;按时作息 (2) common普通的;常见的 Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的;共同的 have a common interest 有着共同爱好 (3) usual 惯常的;惯例的 It's usual with him to go to the office on foot. (4) ordinary 平凡的;普通的 in ordinary dress 12. once的用法 ▲ 搭配： ① all at once 突然;同时 ② at once 立刻，马上;同时 ③ (every) once in a while 偶尔，有时，间或 ④ for this once (= for once，just for once) 就这一次; 破例一回 ⑤ more than once 不止一次，多次 ⑥ not once 一次也不 ⑦ once again / more再一次 ⑧once and again一再，再三 ⑨ once or twice 一两次;有时，偶尔 ⑩ once too often又(多了)一次 ? once upon a time从前 【考例】(2004上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it. A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless [考查目标] 连词once的用法和词义。 [答案与解析] B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。 13. prefer v. 宁愿;更喜欢 (1) prefer + n. / pron. The boy preferred a detective story. (2) prefer + v. -ing Do you prefer living abroad? (3) prefer + to do She prefers to live among the working people. (4) prefer sb. to do sth. She preferred him to stay at home. (5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢……而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing. (6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ... than do... 宁愿……而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus. (7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen. 14. protect的用法 ▲ 构词：protection n. 保护(者/物)，防御 ▲ 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止……遭受……;使……免于，保护……使不受 【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____. A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection C. self-respect D. self-service [考查目标] protect及其派生词的词义。 ? [答案与解析]B self-protection是名词，意思是“自我保护”。 高考 |
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