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标题 | 2012高考英语:单项选择题答题技巧 | |||||||||||||||
内容 |
一、命题原则 突出语境,强化语意,强调运用 二、单项选择题命题特点 覆盖面广,重点突出 突出在语境中运用知识的考查 淡化语法结构,重视能力 三、英语单项选择解题技巧 (一)分析句子结构 1.This is the main use that the scientists make______ natural resources. A. in????????????????? B. up of????????????????????? C. from????????????????????? D. of 有些试题的考本来十分简单, 但命题者却通过使用定语从句,或者将我们十分熟悉的固定词组有意拆开,重新组合,使我们在结构上产生错觉。that the scientists make…是定语从句,关系代词that是代表先行词use的,将其置入定语从句中,就得到that the scientists make use..显然是考查make use of 这一词组。正确答案是D。 (二)找准关键词语 2.It is______ any wonder that his friend doesn't like watching television much. A. no??????????????? B. such????????????????????? C. nearly????????????????????? D. hardly 此题的关键词是any, 因为any常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,而此句不是疑问句,也不是条件句,所以应该是否定句。no本身就相当于not any,于是排除A。.因此,正确答案D(hardly=almost not)。 (三)补全省略成分 3.---What do you think made Mary so upset? --- ______her new bike. A. Lost????????????? B. As she lost??????????? C. Losing??????? D. Because of losing 口语中会使用一些省略句,作题是若将被省略的成分补充完整,答案就会一目了然。此题将答句补全,就是Losing her new bike made Mary so upset。显然,只能选C,用动名词作主语。 (四)适当转换句式 4.---Mr. Wang ,whom would you rather ______ the important? meeting? ---Tom. A. have attend?????????????????????????????????? B. have attended C. having attend??????????????????????????????? D. have to attend 有时将题干的句式转换成自己更熟悉的句式,就很容易选出正确答案。如:将疑问句、强调句、感叹句或倒装句改为陈述句,将被动句改为主动句,将无序句调整为正常句。此题若将疑问句改为陈述句,就是I have Tom attend the important meeting。其中would rather 后必须跟动词原形,have sb do sth.所以选A。 (五)注意标点符号 5.There are eight tips in Dr. Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is:______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary. A. doesn’t go?????? B. not to go????????? C. not going???????????????????? D. don’t go 标点有时对我们作题有提示的作用。此题很容易选B,认为是不定式做表语。其实冒号已经表明后面是Dr.Roger讲的原话,这原话应当是个句子,只有选D才构成一个否定的祈使句。 (六)删除干扰部分 6.We agree to accept______ they thought was the best tourist guide. A. whichever?????????? B. whoever??????????? C. whatever??????????????????? D. whomever 就是将起干扰作用的定语从句、介词短语或插入语,如I think/ suppose/believe,do you think/ suppose/believe, you know,of course等删除,从而更容易地选出正确答案。此题去掉插入语they thought ,可知宾语从句缺主语,又能与the best tourist guide 搭配的,只有答案B。 (七)利用对称结构 7.---English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it? ---Yes. ______ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know??????????????? B. Knowing??????????? C. To know??????????????????? D. Known 就是在作题的过程中要善于利用and, but等并列连词。若前面是个句子,后面也是个句子,反之亦然;若连接的是几个动词,这几个动词也必定是同一时态或同一形式。此题第二个and后面是个句子,所以前面也必定是一个句子,但是前面这个句子没有主语,只能选用动词原形,构成一个祈使句,因此答案是A。 又如:On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ______some bananas and visited her cousin. A. bought?????????????? B. buying??????????????? C. to buy??????????????????????? D. buy (八)检查有无谓语 8.He wrote five novels, two of ______translated into English. A. it????????????? B. them???????????? C. which?????????? D. that 有时看似有两个句子,于是就选连词,正好掉进命题人设计的陷阱。事实上,有时貌似句子的“句子”却没有谓语,其中的动词只是一个非谓语动词(多为分词)。此题很容易误选C,以为后面是非限制性定语从句。事实上, translated是过去分词,而不是谓语动词,后面不是句子,无须连词,所以答案是B。若在translated前加上were,were translated就是谓语,这时就 选连词which。 (九)熟记固定搭配 9.Mr. Smith used to smoke ______ but he has given it up. A. seriously???????????? B. heavily??????????? C. badly?????????? D. hardly 在平时的学习中注意积累一些常见的固定句式、动词与副词的搭配、名词和形容词的搭配等。因为指烟瘾或酒瘾很重,要用heavy或heavily ,因此答案是B。此外,雨雪下得“大”、烟雾“浓”、交通“拥挤”、波涛“汹涌”等,也用heavy。 (十)消除思维定势 10.Everyone here will thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires______ the environment safer. A. make????????????????? B. to making???????????? C. to make???????? D. from making 有些试题的题干,看上去好象就是固定搭配,我们高兴地完成以后,结果却做错了。要从句子结构上或者句子意思上分析,以免步入命题者设计的陷阱。此题容易误选D,以为是考查prevent sb. /sth. from doing 这一固定搭配的。其实,“使环境更安全”是“他们为防火所做的工作”的目的,所以用动词不定式,选C。 (十一)查看有无连词 11.If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, ______means many more people in the world can enjoy it. A. as????????????????????? B. which??????????????????? C. what??????????? D. that 若经查实,前后的确是两个句子,就要看其中一个分句是否已经用了连词。若已经用了连词,一般不选连词,若没有用连词,就一定要选连词。此题已有连词If,选D,若没有If,就选B, which引导一个非限制性定语从句。 (十二)正确把握语境 12. I agree with? most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______. A. everything???????????? B. anything??????????????? C. something?????????? D. nothing 有时孤立地看留空格的那个句子,好象多个答案都可以,但与上下句的意思联系起来,就会发现问题。因此,做题时一定要把握语境。此题答案选A。B答案的意思是I don’t agree with anything 等于I agree with nothing.这就与前一分句的意思发生矛盾了。 (十三)识别相似句型 13. ______is known to everybody, light travels much faster than sound. A. It????????? B. As???????? C. That??????? D. What 14.______is known to everybody that light travels much faster than sound. A. It????????? B. As????????? C. That??????????? D. What 15. _____ is known to everybody is that light travels much faster than sound. A. It???????? B. As??????? C. That?????????? D. What 有的句型十分相似,若不仔细分辨,很容易出错。13题选B,as引导一个非限定性定语从句,先行词是后面整个句子。14题选A,it是形式主语, that引导主语从句;15题在that前加个is,则应选D, what引导的是主语从句, that引导的是表语从句。 四、方法归纳 分析法:分析句子结构或语言习惯,使句子“合法”。 排除法:排除句子中某些附加成分, 使其简单直接。 补全法:补全省略部分,连接思维序列中的断点。 推断法:根据上下文依据,判断空格所依据的信息。 还原法:通过转换句型还原句子本来面目,以便理解句意。 ?
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