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标题 | 2014九年级英语语法讲解:Unit 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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出国留学网中考频道在考试后及时公布各科中考试题答案和中考作文及试卷专家点评,请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝,暑假过去了,新学期开始了,不管情愿与否,无论准备与否,我们已走进初三,走近我们的梦!祝愿决战2014中考的新初三学员能加倍努力,在2014年中考中也能取得优异的成绩。 Unit 14 Have you packed yet? 现在完成时是由“助动词have(has)+动词过去分词”构成。 用法: 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already,yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如these days, today, this year, so far等连用.eg.I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了) ★注意:在这里要注意already和yet的辨析: ★①already通常用于肯定句。 I have already told him.我已经告诉他了. I have already put it in my suitcase. 我已经把它放进我的手提箱了. ★②yet常用于疑问句和否定句。 ----Have you watered the tree yet? 你浇树了吗? ----Yes,I have already watered it. 我浇了. ----Have you fed the dog? 你喂过狗了吗? ----No. I haven’t fed it yet.没有,我没喂. 2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即for +时间段,since+时间点/从句, in the last ten years等,谓语只可用延续性动词. 解析: 1.英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中. eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ). I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ ) 2.初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die,join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法: ⑴.将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时. eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. ⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词 ★常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下: come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear leave-----be away (from) buy-----have fall asleep----be asleep end/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a cold join the army----be in the army be a soldier join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member →My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years. 3.现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at been to去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等连用. 4.现在完成时中的 for 与 since for + 时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时连用 since + 时间点/从句 I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. 5. It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意:1.since 引导的从句中动词用过去时 2.when 引导 的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用. 3.have got,has got 虽然是现在完成时,但have got=have has got==has
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